Coding and Robotics: Preparing for the Fourth Industrial Revolution

Coding and Robotics is a new subject introduced by the Department of Basic Education for Grades 1–9 in South Africa. It aims to prepare learners for the Fourth Industrial Revolution by teaching technology, processes and ways of thinking that allow them to live and work in a digitally-enabled society. ​

21st Century Skills

The Coding and Robotics subject is aimed at guiding and preparing learners to develop 21st-century, namely to solve problems, think critically, work collaboratively and creatively, function in a digital and information-driven world, apply digital and ICT skills, and transfer these skills to solve everyday problems and their possibilities, including equipping learners for meaningful and successful living in a rapidly changing and transforming society. ​

Connect Coding and Robotics

Cambridge University Press has recently published a series of textbooks for the South African Foundation Phase Coding and Robotics classroom. These books respond directly to the draft curriculum, providing content and activities for each knowledge strand.

Coding and Robotics Knowledge Strands

The Coding and Robotics Foundation Phase subject in Grades 1–3 consists of the following Knowledge Strands: ​
  • Pattern Recognition and Problem-Solving ​
  • Algorithms and Coding ​
  • Robotics Skills ​
  • Internet and E-Communication ​
  • Application Skills

Pattern Recognition and Problem-Solving

Learning to identify abstract and geometric patterns is an integral part of the Design and Computational Thinking process, assisting learners in solving problems. ​

​The following skills and concepts are taught in the Pattern Recognition and Problem-solving strand: ​
  • Identification and analysis of regularities, repetitions and change in patterns that increases in size and number consisting of physical objects, drawings and symbolic forms to make predictions and solve problems.
  • Description of patterns and relationships using symbolic expressions and grids.
  • The identification of code patterns through the sequences of lines, shapes and objects in the world.
Patterns can be physical objects, drawings or symbolic forms. Learning to identify patterns is an integral part of the design and computational thinking processes, which will assist learners in solving problems.

Algorithms and Coding

Fundamental programming principles and constructs in Foundation Phase are introduced for Grade R learners through physical coding activities, which progress from Grade 1 to digital platforms (ScratchJr) that are easy to learn and fun for learners to engage. ​
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The programming platforms introduce learners to critical computational skills and concepts: ​
  • Identifying and analysing solutions for specific fundamental problems
  • Converting simple algorithms to block-based code.
What is ScratchJr?
  • ScratchJr is a visual programming language designed to introduce programming skills to children ages 5–7 years.
  • The app is considered an introductory programming language. It is available as a free app for iOS, Android and Chromebook.
With ScratchJr, children aged 5–7 years can program their own interactive stories and games. In the process, they learn to solve problems, design projects and express themselves creatively on the computer.

Robotics Skills

Robotics consists of two merging fields that include coding and engineering. Learners are introduced to the entire mechanical and electrical engineering systems and circuits that are used in robotics. ​
The concepts and skills taught are as follows: ​
  • Creating logical steps that robots can follow​
  • Basic mechanical systems, including pulleys, gears and linkages.
  • Basic electrical circuits.

Internet and e-Communication Skills

The strand of the internet and e-communications skills prepares learners to interact safely in a digital online and offline world. ​

The following concepts and skills are taught in the strand: ​
  • Their digital identity and security. ​
  • Safety around the use of Digital platforms. ​
  • Various types of essential e-communication technologies or platforms. ​
  • The primary networks and the Internet. ​
  • The safe use of Web browsers to search for information.

Application Skills

Application skills comprise end-user skills that are used on different digital platforms. Learners in Foundation Phase are introduced to other digital platforms and taught about the various user interfaces and functions of applications on the devices. ​

The application skills strand teaches the following skills and content: ​
  • The use of digital devices. ​
  • The use of applications and user interfaces.

Teaching Tips for Coding and Robotics

Coding and Robotics are, by its nature, a practical subject. The best way to teach this subject is through activities and tasks. Other methods include:
  • Step-by-step demonstrations and explanations
  • Giving explicit instructions with lots of scaffolding
  • Game-based learning
  • Project-based inquiries focused on problem-oriented learning and cooperative learning.

How can Cambridge Connect resources help teach Coding and Robotics?

  • Learner’s Books have clear illustrations of computer applications that allow learners to get familiar with interfaces such as ScratchJr before using them on a device.
  • Instructions break down activities into easy-to-follow tasks with QR code-linked video work examples.
  • Free worksheets provide additional activities to be completed in the classroom or at home.
  • A comprehensive Teacher’s Guide is downloadable from Cambridge GO and has all the necessary information a teacher new to the subject will need.
  • Watch a series of short ‘how-to’ videos on Cambridge GO here.
  • Download the Cambridge Connect Coding and Robotics brochure here.
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